Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an illicitly marketed substance that has recently gained popularity among body builders and party attendees as a drug of abuse. GHB is a depressant that acts on the central nervous system. It is purported as a strength enhancer, euphoriant and aphrodisiac and is one of several agents reported as being used as a “date rape” drug.Currently, there is no accepted medical use for GHB, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has prohibited its manufacture and sale. Clinicians should be familiar with the typical clinical presentation of GHB and its adverse effects.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a depressant that acts on the central nervous system and has recently become a popular drug of abuse. GHB is distributed illegally as a purported strength enhancer, euphoriant and aphrodisiac.1 Bodybuilders claim GHB helps metabolize fat and build muscle, and persons who attend nightclubs and parties (such as all-night “raves”) use it as a euphoriant.
Adverse Effects of GHB
Vital signs |
Respiratory depression; hypothermia; bradycardia with increases or decreases in blood pressure |
Cardiovascular |
Bradycardia; orthostatic hypotension |
Respiratory |
Respiratory depression; apnea; Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
Neurologic |
Nystagmus; vertigo; ataxia; weakness; dizziness; sedation; confusion; hallucinations; short-term amnesia; coma, tonic-clonic seizure-like activity |
Psychiatric |
Aggression; impairment of judgment |
Gastrointestinal |
Vomiting |
Endocrine |
Mild hyperglycemia |
Acid base |
Acute respiratory acidosis |
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